2021-07-06 13:45
镀层的外观是任一零件、任一镀种都必须检查的项目之一。通常，镀层的外观是在自然光照下直接用肉眼观察的。其内容包括锻层的宏观均匀性、颜色、光亮度、结晶状况和宏观结合力等。一般来说，镀层除应有其特有的颜色和光泽外，还应均匀、细致、结合力好，不允许有针孔、条纹、起泡、起皮、毛刺、结瘤、麻点、烧焦、开裂、剥离、脱落、不正常色泽或漏镀等。但对于挂镀件，一般允许挂钩处有轻微缺陷。
要保证零件的使用性能，零件表面的镀层必须达到一定的厚度。常用的镀层厚度测量方法包括破坏性和非破坏性两大类。破坏性测厚法包括阳极溶解库仑法、金相法、溶解称重法、液流法、点滴法等;非破坏性测厚法包括机械量具法、磁性法、涡流法、β射线反向散射法、x射线分光法等。采用这些方法测量镀层的厚度时请参照相应的国家标准。
评定镀层耐蚀性的试验方法主要有两大类：自然环境试验和人工加速腐蚀试验。前者包括使用环境下的现场试验和不同气候条件下的大气暴露试验，这类方法可真实地评定镀层的耐蚀性，但缺点是周期太长;后者包括中性盐雾试验(nss)醋酸铜加速试验(cass)、腐蚀膏试验、电解腐蚀试验、工业性气体腐蚀试验、湿热试验等。所有这些耐蚀性试验都有相应的国家标准，其规定了试验的条件和评价方法。
电镀层与基体金属的结合力(也称结合强度)的检验方法有很多，但都是定性的测试。常见的镀层结合力的测试方法有摩擦抛光试验、剥离试验、锉刀试验、划格划线试验、弯曲试验、热振试验、深引试验等。不同的方法适用于不同的镀层，也有不同的评定标准，具体使用时可査阅相应的国家标准。
根据产品的特性，电镀层会要求检测某些物质的含量，如RoHS会要求检测镀层的六价铬含量;有的产品会要求检测镀层中某些物质的释放量，如首饰品中会要求检测镍的释放量。
|
标准名称 |
内容概述 |
|
ISO 1456:2009 |
Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Electrodeposited coatings of nickel, nickel plus chromium, copper plus nickel and of copper plus nickel plus chromium |
|
ISO 2081:2008 |
Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Electroplated coatings of zinc with supplementary treatments on iron or steel |
|
ISO 2082:2008 |
Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Electroplated coatings of cadmium with supplementary treatments on iron or steel |
|
ISO 2093:1986 |
Electroplated coatings of tin -- Specification and test methods |
|
ISO 2179:1986 |
Electroplated coatings of tin-nickel alloy -- Specification and test methods |
|
ISO 4521:2008 |
Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Electrodeposited silver and silver alloy coatings for engineering purposes -- Specification and test methods |
|
ISO 4524-3:1985 |
Metallic coatings -- Test methods for electrodeposited gold and gold alloy coatings -- Part 3: Electrographic tests for porosity |
|
ISO 4524-6:1988 |
Metallic coatings -- Test methods for electrodeposited gold and gold alloy coatings -- Part 6: Determination of the presence of residual salts |
|
ISO 4525:2003 |
Metallic coatings -- Electroplated coatings of nickel plus chromium on plastics materials |
|
ISO 4526:2004 |
Metallic coatings -- Electroplated coatings of nickel for engineering purposes |
|
ISO 4527:2003 |
Metallic coatings -- Autocatalytic (electroless) nickel-phosphorus alloy coatings -- Specification and test methods |
|
ISO 6158:2011 |
Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Electrodeposited coatings of chromium for engineering purposes |
|
ISO 7587:1986 |
Electroplated coatings of tin-lead alloys -- Specification and test methods |
|
ISO 9587:2007 |
Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Pretreatment of iron or steel to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement |
|
ISO 9588:2007 |
Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Post-coating treatments of iron or steel to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement |
|
ISO 12683:2004 |
Mechanically deposited coatings of zinc -- Specification and test methods |
|
ISO 12686:1999 |
Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Automated controlled shot-peening of metallic articles prior to nickel, autocatalytic nickel or chromium plating, or as a final finish |
|
ISO 15726:2009 |
Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Electrodeposited zinc alloys with nickel, cobalt or iron |
|
ISO 17334:2008 |
Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Autocatalytic nickel over autocatalytic copper for electromagnetic shielding |
|
ISO 22778:2006 |
Metallic coatings -- Physical vapour-deposited coatings of cadmium on iron and steel -- Specification and test methods |
|
ISO 22779:2006 |
Metallic coatings -- Physical vapour-deposited coatings of aluminium -- Specification and test methods |
|
ISO 27830:2008 |
Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Guidelines for specifying metallic and inorganic coatings |
|
ISO 27831-1:2008 |
Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces -- Part 1: Ferrous metals and alloys |
|
ISO 27831-2:2008 |
Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces -- Part 2: Non-ferrous metals and alloys |
|
ISO 27874:2008 |
Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Electrodeposited gold and gold alloy coatings for electrical, electronic and engineering purposes -- Specification and test methods |
|
标准名称 |
内容概述 |
|
ISO 1460:1992 |
Metallic coatings -- Hot dip galvanized coatings on ferrous materials -- Gravimetric determination of the mass per unit area |
|
ISO 1461:2009 |
Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles -- Specifications and test methods |
|
ISO 14713-1:2009 |
Zinc coatings -- Guidelines and recommendations for the protection against corrosion of iron and steel in structures -- Part 1: General principles of design and corrosion resistance |
|
ISO 14713-2:2009 |
Zinc coatings -- Guidelines and recommendations for the protection against corrosion of iron and steel in structures -- Part 2: Hot dip galvanizing |
|
ISO 14713-3:2009 |
Zinc coatings -- Guidelines and recommendations for the protection against corrosion of iron and steel in structures -- Part 3: Sherardizing |
|
ISO/WD 17668 |
Sherardizing -- Zinc diffusion coatings on ferrous products -- Specification |
|
标准名称 |
内容概述 |
|
ISO 4524-2:2000 |
Metallic coatings -- Test methods for electrodeposited gold and gold alloy coatings -- Part 2: Mixed flowing gas (MFG) environmental tests |
|
ISO 4536:1985 |
Metallic and non-organic coatings on metallic substrates -- Saline droplets corrosion test (SD test) |
|
ISO 4538:1978 |
Metallic coatings -- Thioacetamide corrosion test (TAA test) |
|
ISO 4539:1980 |
Electrodeposited chromium coatings -- Electrolytic corrosion testing (EC test) |
|
ISO 4541:1978 |
Metallic and other non-organic coatings -- Corrodkote corrosion test (CORR test) |
|
ISO 4543:1981 |
Metallic and other non-organic coatings -- General rules for corrosion tests applicable for storage conditions |
|
ISO 6988:1985 |
Metallic and other non organic coatings -- Sulfur dioxide test with general condensation of moisture |
|
ISO 10289:1999 |
Methods for corrosion testing of metallic and other inorganic coatings on metallic substrates -- Rating of test specimens and manufactured articles subjected to corrosion tests |
|
ISO 10308:2006 |
Metallic coatings -- Review of porosity tests |
|
ISO 10309:1994 |
Metallic coatings -- Porosity tests -- Ferroxyl test |
|
ISO 12687:1996 |
Metallic coatings -- Porosity tests -- Humid sulfur (flowers of sulfur) test |
|
ISO 14647:2000 |
Metallic coatings -- Determination of porosity in gold coatings on metal substrates -- Nitric acid vapour test |
|
ISO 15720:2001 |
Metallic coatings -- Porosity tests -- Porosity in gold or palladium coatings on metal substrates by gel-bulk electrography |
|
ISO 15721:2001 |
Metallic coatings -- Porosity tests -- Porosity in gold or palladium coatings by sulfurous acid/sulfur dioxide vapour |
|
ISO 18332:2007 |
Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Definitions and conventions concerning porosity |
|
标准名称 |
内容概述 |
|
ISO 4520:1981 |
Chromate conversion coatings on electroplated zinc and cadmium coatings |
|
ISO 9717:2010 |
Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Phosphate conversion coating of metals |
|
ISO 10546:1993 |
Chemical conversion coatings -- Rinsed and non-rinsed chromate conversion coatings on aluminium and aluminium alloys |
|
ISO 11408:1999 |
Chemical conversion coatings -- Black oxide coating on iron and steel -- Specification and test methods |
|
ISO 15730:2000 |
Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Electropolishing as a means of smoothing and passivating stainless steel |
|
ISO/TR 15922:2011 |
Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Evaluation of properties of dark-stain phenomenon of chromated coiled or sheet product |
GB/T 20492-2006 锌―5%铝―混合稀土合金镀层钢丝、钢绞线
GB/T 9797-2005 金属覆盖层 镍+铬和铜+镍+铬电镀层
GB/T 12600-2005 金属覆盖层 塑料上镍+铬电镀层
GB/T 5267.1-2002 紧固件 电镀层
GB/T 12599-2002 金属覆盖层 锡电镀层 技术规范和试验方法
GB/T 18213-2000 低频电缆和电线无镀层和有镀层铜导体电阻计算导则
GB/T 17461-1998 金属覆盖层 锡-铅合金电镀层
GB/T 17462-1998 金属覆盖层 锡-镍合金电镀层
GB/T 12305.6-1997 金属覆盖层 金和金合金电镀层的试验方法 第六部分:残留盐的测定
GB/T 12307.3-1997 金属覆盖层 银和银合金电镀层的试验方法 第三部分:残留盐的测定
GB/T 15717-1995 真空金属镀层厚度测试方法 电阻法
GB/T 13744-1992 磁性和非磁性基体上镍电镀层厚度的测量
GB/T 13322-1991 金属覆盖层 低氢脆镉钛电镀层
GB/T 12333-1990 金属覆盖层 工程用铜电镀层
FZ/T 60012-1993 金属化纺织品镀层耐磨牢度的测定
JB/T 7101-1993 继电器及其装置金属镀层和化学处理分类代号标注
JB/T 8426-1996 金属覆盖层 镍-磷合金镀层X射线衍射试验方法
CB/T 3764-1996 金属镀层和化学覆盖层厚度系列及质量要求
JB/T 5190.1-1991 照相机械零件表面处理 金属镀层及化学处理表示方法
YY 0076-1992 金属制件的镀层分类技术条件
XB/T 903-2002 烧结钕铁硼永磁材料 表面电镀层
JB/T 10534-2005 多层镍镀层 各层厚度和电化学电位 同步测定法
CJ/T 223-2006 合金镀层(HA)钢管及管件
JB/T 10620-2006 金属覆盖层 铜-锡合金电镀层
YB/T 5357-2009 钢丝镀层 锌或锌-5%铝合金
YB/T 4217.1-2010 热镀锌(铝锌)钢板涂镀层 六价铬含量的测定 分光光度法
YB/T 4217.2-2010 热镀锌(铝锌)钢板涂镀层 汞含量的测定 冷汞蒸气原子吸收光谱法
YB/T 4217.3-2010 热镀锌(铝锌)钢板涂镀层 铅和镉含量的测定 电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法
YB/T 4222-2010 预绞式金具用镀层钢丝
SN/T 2951-2011 镀锌及镀铝锌钢板镀层化学成分分析方法
YB/T 4297-2012 编织渔网用合金镀层钢丝
QC/T 625-2013 汽车用涂镀层和化学处理层
WJ/T 2710-2014 金-钴合金镀层验收规范
YB/T 4475-2015 钢板及钢带 锌和铝金属镀层分析 辉光放电原子发射光谱法
SJ/T 11104-2016 金电镀层规范
SJ/T 11110-2016 银电镀层规范
JB/T 12855-2016 金属覆盖层 锌镍合金电镀层
JB/T 12857-2016 无六价铬电镀装饰镀层工艺规范
YB/T 4541-2016 建筑工程用锌-5%铝-混合稀土合金镀层钢丝
YB/T 4542-2016 建筑工程用锌-5%铝-混合稀土合金镀层钢绞线
YB/T 4543-2016 建筑工程用锌-5%铝-混合稀土合金镀层拉索
JB/T 12962.3-2016 能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪 第3部分：镀层厚度分析仪
SY/T 6478-2017 油管和套管表面镀层技术条件
YB/T 4580-2017 钢芯铝绞线用锌-10%铝-稀土合金镀层钢丝
YB/T 4581-2017 锌-10%铝-稀土合金镀层钢绞线
YB/T 4573-2016 桥梁缆索用锌-5%铝-稀土合金镀层钢丝
YB/T 4574-2016 高强度低松弛预应力热镀锌-5%铝-稀土合金镀层钢绞线
YB/T 183-2017 稀土锌铝合金镀层钢绞线
YB/T 184-2017 钢芯铝绞线用稀土锌铝合金镀层钢丝
YB/T 135-2017 镀铜钢丝镀层重量及其组分试验方法
YB/T 4634-2017 连续热镀铝锌镁合金镀层钢板及钢带
QB/T 2002.1-2018 皮革五金配件 电镀层技术条件
JB/T 10241-2001 金属覆盖层 装饰性多色彩组合电镀层
DB44/T 166-2003 家用电器产品的电镀层质量等级及试验方法
DB35/T 1395-2013 水嘴、冲洗阀表面涂镀层耐腐蚀性能等级
DB65/T 3596-2014 农业搭架用镀层钢丝
气候环境实验
机械环境实验
移动产品验证